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     <div begin="4.6s" end="11.1s">But on the design challenges that we had – there were numerous challenges. </div>
     <div begin="11.1s" end="14.933s">One was we had started off had no idea how to get the data </div>
     <div begin="14.933s" end="20.933s">to the ground from the – particularly from the radar. </div>
     <div begin="20.933s" end="32.666s">And in those days it was not possible to store the data. </div>
     <div begin="32.666s" end="39.132s">There was – tape recorders were not reliable, </div>
     <div begin="39.133s" end="43.166s">and semiconductor memory was decades in the future. </div>
     <div begin="43.166s" end="50.799s">So we elected to transmit the data to ground stations scattered around the world, </div>
     <div begin="50.8s" end="52.9s">a total of about 13 of them. </div>
     <div begin="52.9s" end="63.233s">And that was a major decision. </div>
     <div begin="63.233s" end="66.766s">The next one was the antenna. </div>
     <div begin="66.766s" end="77.166s">We had again no idea at the start what kind of antenna we should – we might use. </div>
     <div begin="77.166s" end="84.299s">Fortunately, a couple of our people visited the National Research Council, </div>
     <div begin="84.3s" end="88.9s">and there was a George Klein at the NRC </div>
     <div begin="88.9s" end="97.466s">who had a design for an extendible tubular antenna or mast I think. </div>
     <div begin="97.466s" end="110.499s">And that design – this tubular member – had quite – had much greater, of course, </div>
     <div begin="110.5s" end="116.4s">bending strength than if it was just rolled out. </div>
     <div begin="116.4s" end="123.9s">And that – of course it couldn’t – it wasn’t in any shape to fly on the satellite, </div>
     <div begin="123.9s" end="131.166s">so it required a lot of engineering on the part of the De Havilland in Toronto </div>
     <div begin="131.166s" end="135.732s">to produce this – what became known as STEM: </div>
     <div begin="135.733s" end="139.066s">storable tubular [extendible] member. </div>
     <div begin="139.066s" end="144.166s">And that solved the – our antenna problem. </div>
     <div begin="144.166s" end="147.432s">Which as I say at the start, we had no idea.</div>
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